Tallapaka Annamacharya was a 15th-century Telugu composer and poet. Due to his contribution to Telugu literature, he is regarded as Andhra Pada Kavita Pitamaha (Grandfather of Telugu song-writing). Here are some interesting facts about the life and legacy of this legendary poet, whose songs are still popular among Carnatic music artists.
Annamacharya was born in Vaishakha Shuddha Pournami in the year Sarwadhari i.e. 22 May 1408, in a village named Tallapaka, in the present-day Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Annamacharya lived for 95 years, devoting his life to the praise of Lord Venkateshwara, and breathed his last in 1503. Insights on his life and works were found in a rhyming couplet of poems named Dwipada, written by his grandson Tallapaka Chinnayya.
Annamacharya was a devotee of Lord Venkateshwara and composed many songs in his praise, during his lifetime. The composer considered his songs as floral offerings for the Lord and surrendered himself in devotion to Venkateshwara. His devotion to the lord can be known through his song ‘Dachuko nee Padalaku thaga ne chesina’, meaning ‘O Lord! Safeguard them, for these are the result of the worship.’
Tallapaka Tirumalamma, the wife of Annamacharya, was also a famed poet. She is regarded as the first woman poet in Telugu literature. Her work named Subhadra Kalyanam (The Marriage of Subhadra) consists of 1170 poems in Telugu, about the marriage of Subhadra and Arjuna. She presented Telugu culture and nativity through the poems, which were taken from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.
Annamacharya wrote his sankeertanas (songs) on palm leaves. Later, his son Pedda Tirumalacharya engraved the works of his father on copper plates. Pedda Tirumalacharya and his son Tallapaka Chinnayya were also skilled poets and composers.
During his literary career, 32,000 keertanas (songs) were said to have been composed by Annamacharya. But only 12,000 of those keertanas are available today. Some of his famous Telugu compositions are Adivo Alladivo Srihari Vasamu (That is the place where Hari resides), Kondalalo Nelakonna (Situated in the hills), and Brahma Kadigina Padamu (The feet that were washed by Brahma).
Annamacharya was one of the first poets in Telugu literature who opposed social stigma toward the untouchable castes through his compositions. These sentiments were echoed in his well-known song Brahmaṃ Okkate (The divine and absolute power is one). He argued that the relationship between God and humans is the same irrespective of their financial status, caste, and color.
The compositions of Annamacharya were lost and forgotten for over three centuries. Centuries after his lifetime, twenty-five hundred copper plates containing his songs were found in 1922. They were found inside the Sri Venkateswara temple at Tirumala, just opposite the ‘hundi’ (cash collection box), concealed in a small room. In 1949, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) finally took possession of all the available copper plates. In 2005, an English translation of 150 of these verses was published.
Since the discovery of Annamacharya’s compositions, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams has been making every effort to promote and preserve the works of this legendary composer. In 1950, the Government of Andhra Pradesh created a committee and appointed the late musician Dr M. Balamuralikrishna as its head. In 1979, an album named Balaji Pancharatnamala was sung by singer M. S. Subbulakshmi. The album contained the compositions of Annamacharya like Vande Vasudevam, Bhavamulona, Sriman Narayana, and many more. A statue of Annamacharya is situated at the Sarada River Park in Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh. Another 10-story tall statue is located at the entrance of Tallapaka.
